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Coventry Carol
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJYYeaCmomA Carols emerged relatively late in the history of Christianity in Britain - anything terpsichorean being frowned upon until the end of the dark ages. Thus the earliest song in this collection, Veni Veni Emmanuel, which dates from the 7th century, is pure 'church.' However as the church relaxed its stance, carols, sung to dance tunes, began to be more respectable and by the time the spirit of modern humanism had permeated the Middle Ages, they even became respectable. This despite the fact that pagan symbols of fertility and solstice customs were openly incorporated into carols such as The Holly and the Ivy and The Sans Day Carol (Holly Bears a Berry.) Later hymns are often mistakenly called carols, but they have quite different characteristics and tend to use heavier tunes, more reminiscent of hard wooden pews than village dances. Lullay My Liking http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khJaiPVAd_Y Somerset Wassail http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B7pkql_-tc Wassaliing is a set of customs broadly concerning wishing a prosperous and fruitful year to neighbours and friends, their domestic animals and their crops. Somerset, in particular, has a custom of wassailing the apple trees to produce a fruitful crop of apples for cider-making. Each year on the 17th of January (old "Twelfth Night") the people of Somerset wassail their apple trees by placing toast (dipped in cider) into the branches of the tree and pouring a libation of cider round the rood of the tree for the good spirits, then firing shotguns into the branches of the tree to dive away the bad spirits and so ensure a fine crop of cider apples in the summer ahead. Yes, it still happens, even in the twenty-first century. Sussex Carol http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uCBgCZdEEM It's been around for at least three centuries and is classed as traditional even though the words were first published by an Irish (Franciscan) bishop, Luke Wadding, in 'A Small Garland of Pious and Godly Songs', (Gent 1684) without making it clear whether it was his own work or whether he was recording an even earlier composition. What is certain is that the version we sing today was collected by Cecil Sharp and Ralph Vaughan Williams in Sussex England from the singing of Harriet Verrall of Monk's Gate, and first Published in 1919 in Eight Traditional Carols. God's Grandeur' Gerard Manly Hopkins 1877 read by Samuel West Music "The Quiet Life" composed and performed by Oliver Wakeman http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhLCSh4VLmA Veni Veni Emmanuel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tId6ePj7Zpo Yule Winter Soltice http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDXZLt6EqQM Holly King / Santa Claus: There are as many theories of a "historical" Santa Clause (or "Saint Nicholas") as there are ethnic cultures. As an Keltic folk archetype however, the old man wreathed in holly is the Holly King. He represents the "waning year", the "old year", or the "dark half" of the year. At winter solstice the Oak King (or the Sun, or the New Year) is born, and the Holly King's reign is over. Mistletoe: The mistletoe was sacred to the Druids. The custom of kissing under the mistletoe may derive from the custom of enemies refraining from killing each other if they should happen to meet under its sacred branches. Presumably the custom became friendlier and friendlier with time. Other scholars say that the lusty connotations of the plant derive from the belief that the clusters of white translucent berries were drops of the God's (or the Oak King's) semen. The Oak King takes the place of the Holly King, and rules the waxing year, or the "New Year Candles: The extinguishing of candles at winter solstice rituals (including Amaltheia's) represents the deep darkness of the longest night. Their relighting shows us that the light will return to us. In the moments of total darkness, we are "between the worlds": between the old year's death and the new year's conception. Yule Log: The word "yule" is from the Saxon word for "wheel". The Yule Log,O.E. geol, geola "Christmas Day, Christmastide," from O.N. jol (pl.), a heathen feast, later taken over by Christianity, of unknown origin. The O.E. (Anglian) cognate giuli was the Anglo-Saxons' name for a two-month midwinter season corresponding to Roman December and January, a time of important feasts but not itself a festival. Burned at Midwinter, is a magical bridge between one year and the next. The fire under the Yule log is lit with a piece of last year's Yule Log, symbolizing the continuity of the cycles of life. The ashes of the Yule log were scattered on the fields to ensure fertility Celtic Winter Soltice http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3ph3qtAPEQ -
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